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	<title>Blue moon ensemble calculations - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-15T00:59:02Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://vasp.at/wiki/index.php?title=Blue_moon_ensemble_calculations&amp;diff=27168&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Csheldon at 10:00, 18 October 2024</title>
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		<updated>2024-10-18T10:00:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:00, 18 October 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The information needed to determine the blue moon ensemble averages within a [[:Category:Constrained molecular dynamics|Constrained molecular dynamics]] can be obtained by setting {{TAG|LBLUEOUT}}=.TRUE. The following output is written for each MD step in the file {{FILE|REPORT}}:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The information needed to determine the blue moon ensemble averages within a [[:Category:Constrained molecular dynamics|Constrained molecular dynamics]] can be obtained by setting {{TAG|LBLUEOUT}}=.TRUE&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;., cf. [[Blue_moon_ensemble|blue moon ensemble]] for details of the theory&lt;/ins&gt;. The following output is written for each MD step in the file {{FILE|REPORT}}:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Csheldon</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://vasp.at/wiki/index.php?title=Blue_moon_ensemble_calculations&amp;diff=26749&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Karsai at 13:12, 16 October 2024</title>
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		<updated>2024-10-16T13:12:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:12, 16 October 2024&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Howto]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Advanced molecular-dynamics sampling]]&lt;/ins&gt;[[Category:Howto]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Karsai</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://vasp.at/wiki/index.php?title=Blue_moon_ensemble_calculations&amp;diff=26746&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Karsai: /* References */</title>
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		<updated>2024-10-16T13:10:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:10, 16 October 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  paste energy.dat zet.dat |awk &amp;#039;BEGIN {a=0.;b=0.} {a+=$1*$2;b+=$2} END {print a/b}&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  paste energy.dat zet.dat |awk &amp;#039;BEGIN {a=0.;b=0.} {a+=$1*$2;b+=$2} END {print a/b}&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==References==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ryckaert77&quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5 J. P. Ryckaert, G. Ciccotti, and H. J. C. Berendsen, J. Comp. Phys. 23, 327 (1977).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Carter89&quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(89)87314-2 E. A. Carter, G. Ciccotti, J. T. Hynes, and R. Kapral, Chem. Phys. Lett. 156, 472 (1989).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Otter00&quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970009483348 W. K. Den Otter and W. J. Briels, Mol. Phys. 98, 773 (2000).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Darve02&quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927020211975 E. Darve, M. A. Wilson, and A. Pohorille, Mol. Simul. 28, 113 (2002).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Fleurat05&quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1948367 P. Fleurat-Lessard and T. Ziegler, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 084101 (2005).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ryckaert77&quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5 J. P. Ryckaert, G. Ciccotti, and H. J. C. Berendsen, J. Comp. Phys. 23, 327 (1977).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/references&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;----&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;----&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Howto]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Howto]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Karsai</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://vasp.at/wiki/index.php?title=Blue_moon_ensemble_calculations&amp;diff=26745&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Karsai: Created page with &quot;The information needed to determine the blue moon ensemble averages within a Constrained molecular dynamics can be obtained by setting {{TAG|LBLUEOUT}}=.TRUE. The following output is written for each MD step in the file {{FILE|REPORT}}:    &gt;Blue_moon         lambda        |z|^(-1/2)    GkT           |z|^(-1/2)*(lambda+GkT)    b_m&gt;  0.585916E+01  0.215200E+02 -0.117679E+00  0.123556E+03   with the four numerical terms indicatin...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://vasp.at/wiki/index.php?title=Blue_moon_ensemble_calculations&amp;diff=26745&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-10-16T13:10:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;The information needed to determine the blue moon ensemble averages within a &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Category:Constrained_molecular_dynamics&quot; title=&quot;Category:Constrained molecular dynamics&quot;&gt;Constrained molecular dynamics&lt;/a&gt; can be obtained by setting {{TAG|LBLUEOUT}}=.TRUE. The following output is written for each MD step in the file {{FILE|REPORT}}:    &amp;gt;Blue_moon         lambda        |z|^(-1/2)    GkT           |z|^(-1/2)*(lambda+GkT)    b_m&amp;gt;  0.585916E+01  0.215200E+02 -0.117679E+00  0.123556E+03   with the four numerical terms indicatin...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;The information needed to determine the blue moon ensemble averages within a [[:Category:Constrained molecular dynamics|Constrained molecular dynamics]] can be obtained by setting {{TAG|LBLUEOUT}}=.TRUE. The following output is written for each MD step in the file {{FILE|REPORT}}:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;gt;Blue_moon&lt;br /&gt;
        lambda        |z|^(-1/2)    GkT           |z|^(-1/2)*(lambda+GkT)&lt;br /&gt;
   b_m&amp;gt;  0.585916E+01  0.215200E+02 -0.117679E+00  0.123556E+03&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
with the four numerical terms indicating &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\lambda_{\xi_k}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|Z|^{-1/2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left ( \frac{k_B T}{2 |Z|} \sum_{j=1}^{r}(Z^{-1})_{kj} \sum_{i=1}^{3N} m_i^{-1}\nabla_i \xi_j \cdot \nabla_i |Z| \right ) &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left ( |Z|^{-1/2} [\lambda_k +\frac{k_B T}{2 |Z|} \sum_{j=1}^{r}(Z^{-1})_{kj} \sum_{i=1}^{3N} m_i^{-1}\nabla_i \xi_j \cdot \nabla_i |Z|] \right ) &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, respectively. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{NB|mind| &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; \left ( \frac{1}{2 |Z|} \sum_{j=1}^{r}(Z^{-1})_{kj} \sum_{i=1}^{3N} m_i^{-1}\nabla_i \xi_j \cdot \nabla_i |Z| \right ) &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is defined as &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; G &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; in the {{FILE|REPORT}} file. This is an arbitrary character and has no relation to Green&amp;#039;s functions, reciprocal lattice vectors, etc.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that one line introduced by the string &amp;#039;b_m&amp;gt;&amp;#039; is written for each constrained coordinate. With this output, the free energy gradient with respect to the fixed coordinate &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{\xi_k}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; can conveniently be determined (by the equation given above) as a ratio between averages of the last and the second numerical terms. In the simplest case when only one constraint is used, the free energy gradient can be obtained as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 grep b_m REPORT |awk &amp;#039;BEGIN {a=0.;b=0.} {a+=$5;b+=$3} END {print a/b}&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As an example of a blue moon ensemble average, let us consider the calculation of an unbiased potential energy average from constrained MD. For simplicity, only a single constraint is assumed. Here we extract &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|Z|^{-1/2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; for each step and store the data in an auxiliary file zet.dat:&lt;br /&gt;
 grep b_m REPORT |awk &amp;#039;{print $3}&amp;#039; &amp;gt; zet.dat&lt;br /&gt;
Here we extract potential energy for each step and store the data in an auxiliary file energy.dat:&lt;br /&gt;
 grep e_b REPORT |awk &amp;#039;{print $3}&amp;#039; &amp;gt; energy.dat&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, the weighted average is determined according to the first formula shown above:    &lt;br /&gt;
 paste energy.dat zet.dat |awk &amp;#039;BEGIN {a=0.;b=0.} {a+=$1*$2;b+=$2} END {print a/b}&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Ryckaert77&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5 J. P. Ryckaert, G. Ciccotti, and H. J. C. Berendsen, J. Comp. Phys. 23, 327 (1977).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Carter89&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(89)87314-2 E. A. Carter, G. Ciccotti, J. T. Hynes, and R. Kapral, Chem. Phys. Lett. 156, 472 (1989).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Otter00&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970009483348 W. K. Den Otter and W. J. Briels, Mol. Phys. 98, 773 (2000).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Darve02&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927020211975 E. Darve, M. A. Wilson, and A. Pohorille, Mol. Simul. 28, 113 (2002).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Fleurat05&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1948367 P. Fleurat-Lessard and T. Ziegler, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 084101 (2005).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Ryckaert77&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5 J. P. Ryckaert, G. Ciccotti, and H. J. C. Berendsen, J. Comp. Phys. 23, 327 (1977).]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Howto]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Karsai</name></author>
	</entry>
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