SCALEE
SCALEE = [real]
Default: SCALEE = 1
Description: This tag specifies the coupling parameter of the energies and forces between a fully interacting system and a reference system.
A detailed description of calculations using thermodynamic integration within VASP is given in the supplemental information of reference [1] (caution: the tag ISPECIAL=0 used in that reference is not valid anymore, instead the tag PHON_NSTRUCT=-1 is used).
Using thermodynamic integration the free energy difference between two systems is written as
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Delta F=\int \limits _{0}^{1}d\lambda \langle U_{1}(\lambda )-U_{0}(\lambda )\rangle _{\lambda }} .
Here Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle U_{1}(\lambda )} and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle U_{0}(\lambda )} describe the potential energies of a fully-interacting and a non-interacting reference system, respectively. The coupling strength of the systems is controlled via the coupling parameter Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lambda } . The notation Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \langle \ldots \rangle _{\lambda }} denotes an ensemble average of a system driven by the following classical Hamiltonian
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H_{\lambda }=\lambda H_{1}+(1-\lambda )H_{0}} .
The tag SCALEE sets the coupling parameter Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lambda }
and hence controls the Hamiltonian of the calculation.
By default SCALEE=1 and the scaling of the energies and forces via the coupling constant is internally skipped in the code. To enable the scaling SCALEEFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \neq
1 has to be specified. A VASP calculation outputs the integrand for a given coupling constant at every molecular dynamics step. How to choose the ensemble size and carry out the integration is described in the main text and especially in the supplementary information of reference [1].
Two possible options are available for the reference system:
- Ideal gas:
Usually the thermodynamic integration is carried out from the ideal gas to the liquid state.
- Harmonic solid:
If the file DYNMATFULL exists in the calculation directory and SCALEEFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \neq 1, the second order Hessian matrix is added to the force and thermodynamic integration from a harmonic model to a fully interacting system is carried out. The DYNMATFULL file stores the eigenmodes and eigenvalues from diagonalizing the dynamic matrix. This file is written by a previous calculation using the INCAR tags IBRION=6 and PHON_NSTRUCT=-1.
Related Tags and Sections
VCAIMAGES, IMAGES, NCORE IN IMAGE1, PHON_NSTRUCT, IBRION
References